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Termites are not as likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, since they are usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. A few of them include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a large number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great stress. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behaviour depends on the form of termite. By way of instance, certain species feed on the timber structures that they inhabit, and many others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most workers are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate with other soldiers and a small force of employees starts to emerge. In the second stage, workers appear in massive numbers at the website. The next phase is indicated by a decrease in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behavior as an optimised way for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies consistently results in agonistic behavior towards each other, resulting in struggles. These struggles can cause mortality on either side and, in some cases, the gain or reduction of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, in which the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from other colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the region and so the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two competitors does not always happen.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and die, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic actions.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with each other to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens contributes to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with all the king, takes over the colony.145
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Ants and termites can compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, so communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are used in a variety of activities, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that can be transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alert, path and web sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted from the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from two glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to look for food, they forage in columns along the ground throughout vegetation. A trail can be identified by the faecal residue or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their neststhey utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any particular construction project. Individual termites respond rather than think, but at a set level, they display a sort of collective cognition. Particular structures or other objects like pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to begin building.
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The result is a self-organised procedure whereby the information that sends termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely read the article on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.